Ocular Myasthenia Gravis (OMG) is a form of Myasthenia Gravis, an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the muscles controlling eye movement and eyelid function. In OMG, the immune system mistakenly attacks the neuromuscular junction, where nerves communicate with muscles, leading to muscle weakness. While Myasthenia Gravis can affect muscles throughout the body, in the ocular form, the symptoms are usually confined to the eyes.

The hallmark symptoms of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis include drooping of one or both eyelids (ptosis) and double vision (diplopia), which can vary in severity and often worsen with fatigue or prolonged use of the eye muscles. These symptoms can be intermittent, making them challenging to diagnose, but they can significantly impact daily activities and overall quality of life. Difficulty keeping the eyes open and maintaining a single, clear line of vision can make tasks such as reading, driving, and focusing on objects difficult and frustrating.

Managing Ocular Myasthenia Gravis typically involves a combination of symptomatic treatment and strategies to control the underlying autoimmune activity. A neuro-ophthalmologist will conduct a thorough examination, often including blood tests to detect specific antibodies and electrodiagnostic studies to assess muscle function. Treatment options may include medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which help improve communication between nerves and muscles, and immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the immune system’s attack on the neuromuscular junction. In some cases, corticosteroids or other immunomodulatory therapies may be necessary. For persistent or severe ptosis and diplopia, surgical options or the use of prism glasses may be considered. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial to adjust treatment as needed, manage symptoms, and prevent the progression of the disease.